Lilemong tsa morao tjena, lihlahisoa tsa polyurethane li se li tumme haholo, joalo ka liphanele tsa polokelo e batang tse hlahisoang ke Harbin Dong'an Building Sheets Chaena, tse entsoeng ka thepa ea polyurethane.
Ka kakaretso, polyurethane e ka aroloa ka thermosetting le thermoplastic, 'me e ka etsoa ka polasetiki ea polyurethane (haholo-holo polasetiki ea foam), likhoele tsa polyurethane (spandex), le polyurethane elastomers. Bongata ba thepa ea polyurethane e bitsoa thermosetting, joalo ka foam ea polyurethane e bonolo, e thata le e semi-rigid.
Ho sebelisa polyurethane hape hangata ho sebelisa mekhoa ea ho sebelisa hape ea 'mele, kaha mokhoa ona o sebetsa hantle ebile o theko e tlase. Haholo-holo, o ka aroloa ka mekhoa e meraro ea ho sebelisa hape:
Mokhoa ona ke theknoloji e sebelisoang haholo ea ho sebelisa hape. Foam e bonolo ea polyurethane e silakanngoa likotoana tse 'maloa tsa lisenthimithara ke grinder, 'me sekhomaretsi sa polyurethane se arabelang se fafatsoa ka har'a mixer. Sekhomaretsi se sebelisoang hangata ke motsoako oa foam ea polyurethane kapa NCO terminated prepolymer e thehiloeng ho polyphenyl polymethylene polyisocyanate (PAPI). Ha u sebelisa likhomaretsi tse thehiloeng ho PAPI bakeng sa ho kopanya le ho bopa, ho kopanya ka mouoane le hona ho ka hlahisoa. Ts'ebetsong ea ho kopanya polyurethane e senyehileng, eketsa 90% ea polyurethane e senyehileng le sekhomaretsi sa 10%, kopanya ka ho lekana, kapa eketsa lidae tse ling, ebe u hatella motsoako.
Theknoloji ea ho etsa maqhama ha e na feela ho tenyetseha ho hoholo, empa hape e na le phapang e kholo litšobotsing tsa mechini tsa sehlahisoa sa ho qetela. Mokhoa o atlehileng ka ho fetisisa oa ho sebelisa hape lihlahisoa tsa polyurethane ke ho hlahisa foam ea polyurethane e sebelisitsoeng hape ka ho kopanya foam ea litšila tse kang masala a foam e bonolo, e sebelisoang haholo-holo e le setšehetso sa k'hapete, materase ea lipapali, thepa ea ho thibela molumo le lihlahisoa tse ling. Likaroloana tse bonolo tsa foam le likhomaretsi li ka bōptjoa hore e be lihlahisoa tse kang li-pad tsa koloi mochesong le khatellong e itseng; Ka ho sebelisa khatello le mocheso o phahameng, likarolo tse thata tse kang matlo a pompo li ka bōptjoa.
Foam e thata ea polyurethane le molding ea injection molding (RIM) polyurethane elastomer le eona e ka sebelisoa hape ka mokhoa o tšoanang. Ho kopanya likaroloana tsa litšila le li-prepolymer tsa isocyanate bakeng sa ho etsa ho hatella ho chesang, joalo ka ho etsa li-bracket tsa liphaephe bakeng sa litsamaiso tsa ho futhumatsa liphaephe. | 2、Ho chesa ho tobetsa ho bopa Foam e bonolo ea polyurethane e sebelisang thermosetting le lihlahisoa tsa polyurethane tsa RIM li na le thepa e itseng ea ho nolofatsa mocheso le polasetiki mochesong oa 100-200 ℃. Tlas'a mocheso o phahameng le khatello, polyurethane e litšila e ka kopanngoa ntle le ho sebelisa likhomaretsi. E le ho etsa hore lihlahisoa tse sebelisitsoeng hape li tšoane haholoanyane, hangata ho hlokahala ho sila litšila ebe u li futhumatsa le ho li hatella hore li be sebopeho.
Maemo a ho bopa a itshetlehile ka mofuta wa ditshila tsa polyurethane le sehlahiswa se sebedisitsweng hape. Mohlala, ditshila tsa polyurethane tse bonolo tsa foam di ka hatellwa ka mocheso metsotso e mmalwa ka kgatello ya 1-30MPa le mocheso wa 100-220 ° C ho hlahisa di-shock absorbers, di-mudguard le dikarolo tse ding.
Mokhoa ona o sebelisitsoe ka katleho ho sebelisoeng hape ha likarolo tsa likoloi tsa polyurethane tsa mofuta oa RIM. Mohlala, liphanele tsa mamati a koloi le liphanele tsa lisebelisoa li ka etsoa ka phofo ea polyurethane ea RIM e ka bang 6% le fiberglass ea 15%. | 3、E sebelisoa e le setlatsetso Foam e bonolo ea polyurethane e ka fetoloa likaroloana tse tšesaane ka mokhoa oa ho sila kapa oa ho sila mocheso o tlase, 'me ho hasana ha likaroloana tse joalo ho eketsoa ho polyols bakeng sa ho etsa foam ea polyurethane kapa lihlahisoa tse ling, e seng feela e khutlisang thepa ea polyurethane e litšila, empa hape e fokotsa litšenyehelo tsa sehlahisoa ka katleho. Bongata ba phofo e robehileng ka foam ea polyurethane e pholileng e foameng ea MDI e lekanyelitsoe ho 15%, 'me 25% ea phofo e robehileng e ka eketsoa ka foam e chesang e foameng ea TDI bonyane.
Mokhoa o mong ke ho eketsa litšila tse khaotsoeng tsa foam ka har'a polyol e bonolo ea foam polyether, ebe o e kolobisa ka har'a leloala le loketseng ho etsa motsoako oa "polyol e sebelisitsoeng hape" o nang le likaroloana tse tšesaane bakeng sa ho etsa foam e bonolo.
Litšila tsa polyurethane ea RIM li ka siloa hore e be phofo, li kopanngoa le thepa e tala, ebe li etsoa ka li-elastomer tsa RIM. Kamora hore litšila tsa polyurethane rigid foam le polyisocyanurate (PIR) foam li siloe, li ka boela tsa sebelisoa ho eketsa 5% ea thepa e sebelisitsoeng hape motswakong ho hlahisa foam e thata. |
Lilemong tsa morao tjena, mokhoa o mocha oa ho hlaphoheloa ha lik'hemik'hale o hlahile
Sehlopha sa Univesithi ea Illinois se etelletsoeng pele ke Moprofesa Steven Zimmerman se qapile mokhoa oa ho bolisa litšila tsa polyurethane le ho li fetola lihlahisoa tse ling tse molemo.
Seithuti se fumaneng mangolo Ephraim Morado o tšepa ho sebelisa li-polymer hape ka mekhoa ea lik'hemik'hale ho rarolla bothata ba litšila tsa polyurethane. Leha ho le joalo, polyurethane e na le botsitso bo phahameng haholo 'me e entsoe ka likarolo tse peli tse thata ho li bola: isocyanate le polyols.
Li-polyol ke senotlolo sa bothata, kaha li ntšoa peteroleng 'me ha li senyehe habonolo. Ho qoba bothata bona, sehlopha sa lipatlisiso se amohetse yuniti ea lik'hemik'hale e senyehang habonolo le e qhibilihang ka metsing ea acetal. Lihlahisoa tsa ho senyeha tse entsoeng ka ho qhibilihisa li-polymer ka asiti ea trichloroacetic le dichloromethane mochesong oa kamore li ka sebelisoa bakeng sa tlhahiso ea thepa e ncha. E le bopaki ba mohopolo, Morado e ka fetola li-elastomer tse sebelisoang haholo liphuthelong le likarolong tsa likoloi hore e be likhomaretsi.
Leha ho le jwalo, bothata bo boholo ba mokhoa ona o motjha wa ho sebedisa hape ke ditjeo le chefo ya thepa e tala e sebediswang bakeng sa karabelo. Ka hona, bafuputsi ba ntse ba leka ho fumana mokgwa o betere le o theko e tlase wa ho fihlella tshebetso e tshwanang ka ho sebedisa ditharollo tse bobebe tse kang asene bakeng sa ho senyeha.
Nakong e tlang, moaho oa Harbin Dong'anlakanes khamphaniHape e tla latela boqapi ba indasteri haufi-ufi mme e tswele pele ho tsetela theknolojing le theknolojing ya tshireletso ya tikoloho, e ntse e tswela pele ho etsa hore diphanele tsa polyurethane tsa Dong'an di be mosa ho tikolohong le ho phela hantle. Re boetse re dumela hore ho tla ba le mahlale a matjha a tshireletso ya tikoloho a tla hlaha nakong e tlang.
Nako ea poso: Pulungoana-09-2023